Internal problems like plugging or reduced conversion efficiency are nearly always caused by engine problems like misfire, rich air/fuel mixture, coolant leaks, and oil burning. Various factors can cause converter failure. Modern 3-way converters use advanced chemistry, O2 monitoring and computerized fuel control to convert all 3 harmful gases without the need for additional oxygen. Early 3-way converters had a separate substrate that oxidized CO and HC with help from additional oxygen supplied by an air pump. 3-way converters also have rhodium to reduce NOx. 2-way converters use platinum and palladium to oxidize CO and HC. The substrate is constructed to expose as much exhaust gas as possible to the catalyst as it flows through the converter, for maximum conversion and efficiency. The most common catalyst materials are the precious metals platinum, palladium, and rhodium. In general a converter is composed of a cylindrical stainless steel enclosure housing a monolithic substrate which contains the catalyst. 3-way converters are known as oxidation-reduction catalytic converters. In the late 1970s and early 1980s they were replaced on most vehicles by 3-way converters, which can also control NOx emissions. Early 2-way converters, also called oxidation catalytic converters, were so called because they only converted HC and CO. They have evolved since their inception, from 2-way converters to 3-way converters plus air, to the modern 3-way converter. The device is so named because it contains catalysts, substances that cause a chemical reaction without themselves undergoing chemical change.Ĭatalytic converters have been original equipment on most gasoline engine vehicles in the U.S. The catalytic converter takes the Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), and Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x) created during combustion, and turns them into water, Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) and Nitrogen (N 2). The catalytic converter is part of your vehicle's exhaust system, but more importantly, it's also a key component of the emissions system. 350 Chevy Small Block Gen II (4.00 Bore Family).350 Chevy Small Block Gen II (3.90 Bore Family).
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